1. Tóm tắt lý thuyết thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect tense)
1.1. Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
1.2. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Việc ghi nhớ dấu hiệu nhận biết là cực kỳ quan trọng. Bởi bạn có thể sử dụng những dấu hiệu này để làm các bài tập về thì quá khứ hoàn thành hay dạng bài tập thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành. Một số từ xuất hiện trong câu sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành cần chú ý là:
Ví dụ:
S + hadn’t + VpII
Ví dụ: hadn’t = had not
Ví dụ:
Had + S + VpII ?
Trả lời: Yes, S + had.
No, S + hadn’t.
Ví dụ:
Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t
2. Bài tập về thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Bài 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Đáp án bài 1
1. had built
2. had not been
3. had already done
4. had made
5. had put on
6. had not ordered
7. had learned
8. had fallen
9. had be phoned
10. had not ridden
11. had gone
12. had left
13. had not cleaned
14. Had they studied
15. had not eaten
Đáp án bài 2
1. had left – arrived
2. started – had finished
3. went – had got
4. had seen – came
5. hadn’t spoken – moved
6. had got – reached
7. brought – had finished
8. refused – had had
9. hadn’t thought – saw
10. hadn’t tried – went
1.1. Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
- Diễn tả một hoạt động đã xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
- Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài tới một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.
- Diễn tả hành động điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ trong câu điều kiện loại III.
- Dùng để thể hiện sự thất vọng về sự việc nào đó trong quá khứ. (thường dùng cấu trúc điều ước trong quá khứ.)
1.2. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Việc ghi nhớ dấu hiệu nhận biết là cực kỳ quan trọng. Bởi bạn có thể sử dụng những dấu hiệu này để làm các bài tập về thì quá khứ hoàn thành hay dạng bài tập thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành. Một số từ xuất hiện trong câu sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành cần chú ý là:
- Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after, for, as soon as, by, …
- Before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past …
Câu khẳng định
Câu phủ định
Câu nghi vấn
S + had + VpIICâu phủ định
Câu nghi vấn
Ví dụ:
- He had gone out when I came into the house.
- They had finished their work right before the deadline last week.
S + hadn’t + VpII
Ví dụ: hadn’t = had not
Ví dụ:
- She hadn’t come home when I got there.
- They hadn’t finished their lunch when I saw them.
Had + S + VpII ?
Trả lời: Yes, S + had.
No, S + hadn’t.
Ví dụ:
- Had the film endedwhen you arrived at the cinema?
Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t
2. Bài tập về thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Bài 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành
- The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we ______ (build).
- He ______ (not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.
- When she went out to play, she ______ (do / already) her homework.
- My brother ate all of the cake that our mum _____ (make) .
- The doctor took off the plaster that he ______ (put on) six weeks before.
- The waiter brought a drink that I _______ (not / order).
- I could not remember the poem we _______ (learn) the week before.
- The children collected the chestnuts that _____ (fall) from the tree.
- ________ (he / phone) Angie before he went to see her in London?
- She ______ (not / ride) a horse before that day.
- Kevin ______ (go) home by the time I arrived.
- Ethan suddenly realised that he _____ (leave) his laptop on the train.
- Mum was annoyed because I ______ (not clean) my room.
- _______ (they / study) English before they went to the USA?
- We were hungry because we ______ (not eat).
- The robbers left/ had left the bank when the policemen finally arrived/ had arrived.
- When the rain started/ had started, the Atkinsons finished/ had finished planting trees.
- By the time Rebecca went/ had gone into the store, she got/ had got soaked.
- Darcey saw/ had seen this castle before she came/ had come again last Sunday.
- Mr.Palmer didn’t speak/ hadn’t spoken any Chinese before he moved/ had moved to Peking.
- Sonny got / had got fainted by the time the ambulance reached/ had reached the hospital.
- When my mother brought/ had brought me an apple, I finished/ had finished my homework.
- Mrs.Wilkinson refused/ had refused to drive the car because she had/ had had a terrible accident on the highway about a year ago.
- I didn’t think/ hadn’t thought of having a new house before I saw/ had seen that ad on TV.
- My uncle didn’t try/ hadn’t tried Italian food before went/ had gone to that restaurant.
Đáp án bài 1
1. had built
2. had not been
3. had already done
4. had made
5. had put on
6. had not ordered
7. had learned
8. had fallen
9. had be phoned
10. had not ridden
11. had gone
12. had left
13. had not cleaned
14. Had they studied
15. had not eaten
Đáp án bài 2
1. had left – arrived
2. started – had finished
3. went – had got
4. had seen – came
5. hadn’t spoken – moved
6. had got – reached
7. brought – had finished
8. refused – had had
9. hadn’t thought – saw
10. hadn’t tried – went